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'Decoding the Book of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China' 27th installment: Striving for greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology_我的网站

步步惊心

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《金融时报》8月21日发表评论称，即使以美国总统特朗普的标准来看，这也是一次堪称屈辱的退让。

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Photo: Global Times
Editor's Note:

Ahead of the opening of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, Chinese AI start-up Moonshot AI released its Kimi K3 large language model. As the world's largest open-source model by parameter count to date, this launch marks a significant step forward in the development of China's artificial intelligence models.
From the C919 airliner soaring into the skies to Unitree's humanoid robots stealing the show; from DeepSeek pushing the AI frontier to Moonshot AI's landmark unveiling of Kimi K3 - China's wave of homegrown innovations has dominated global headlines in recent years, delivering a steady stream of breakthroughs.
At a meeting in Beijing that brought together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology in July, Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, stressed that the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030) is a critical phase for tackling tough challenges in building up the country's strength in science and technology.
"We must seize the historic opportunity, rise to the challenges of the times, accelerate efforts to achieve high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and make steady progress toward the 2035 goal of becoming a leading country in science and technology," he said.
In the article "Strive for Greater Strength and Self-Reliance in Science and Technology" included in the fourth volume of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Xi pointed out, "Through years of endeavor, our country's overall strength in science and technology has improved substantially. We therefore have a solid foundation, and are fully confident in our ability to seize the opportunities offered by the new revolution in science, technology and industry to achieve greater results." The article also mentioned that "We should participate to the full in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and shape a philosophy of technology for good purposes, so that science and technology better serve human wellbeing, and enable China's science and technology industry to contribute more to building a global community of shared future."
In the 27th installment of the special series "Decoding the Book Xi Jinping: The Governance of China," the Global Times, along with the People's Daily Overseas Edition, continues to invite Chinese and foreign scholars, translators of Xi's works, practitioners with firsthand experience, and international readers to focus on the theme of striving for greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology. Together, they share views on China's tech growth, governance principles, and global cooperation in science and technology.
Here are the stories:
1. Readers’ Reflections: China’s innovation success is real global news, landing in the living rooms of Italian retirees who barely use a smartphone: Italian scientist
2. Practitioners' Insights: How did a decade of dedicated effort build China a self-reliant 'digital track'?
3. Translators’ Voices: China's pursuit of strength and self-reliance in science and technology presents an inspiring path
4. Scholars’ Perspectives: National support, optimized evaluation allow young talent to pursue long-term breakthroughs: researcher
Photo: Global Times

Photo: Global Times
。去年11月，这位美国总统撤回了对中国加征关税的威胁，换取北京同意将稀土及其他矿产的出口管制暂停一年。特朗普政府声称，此后利用这段时间提高美国自身的矿产产量，并确保从盟友那里获得供应，试图削弱北京凭借关键原材料所拥有的强大制衡能力。

三 | 这种说法被严重夸大了。要与中国抗衡，不仅需要投入巨额资金支持企业、为生产商提供价格保障，还需要毫不妥协地追求生产效率，并建立一个持久的国际联盟，以确保获得美国本土并不出产的矿产。相反，特朗普政府展现出来的却是其一贯的任人唯亲、笨拙的胁迫手段，以及反复无常的“美国优先”外交政策。这严重损害了美国作为国际矿产协议核心支柱的信誉。当然，无论是在资金还是行政层面，美国政府确实采取了一系列密集行动。

四 | 特朗普政府甚至采取了非同寻常的做法，直接入股多家公司，并推出了令人眼花缭乱的采购担保、信贷支持、贷款和补贴措施，据其声称，总金额达到300亿美元。其最具实质性的海外举措，是去年10月与澳大利亚签署的一项协议，该协议已经促使美国投资澳大利亚的矿业项目。

五 | 分析称，但除了澳大利亚，以及刚果民主共和国等一两个容易受到压力的国家之外，美国通常采取的不过是具有胁迫性质的单边倾斜式双边贸易协议，同时试图召集一个自愿参与的国际联盟。这两种做法似乎都不足以对中国的主导地位构成真正威胁。这些“炮舰式协议”中被塞入了一些条款，试图迫使美国的贸易伙伴将其他国家排除在客户之外，并把本国矿产出口到美国，而不是供应本国工业。这些条款缺乏取得成功所必需的法律和经济可信度。以印度尼西亚为例。该国生产全球三分之二的镍，而镍被广泛用于电池、太阳能技术和风力涡轮机。过去10年里，中国企业在印尼投入巨资，建立起从矿产开采到最终产品的完整镍供应链。特朗普试图通过一项协议与中国竞争，迫使印度尼西亚向美国供应镍，但今年2月，美国最高法院裁定特朗普威胁实施的关税违宪，使这项协议受到严重削弱。特朗普政府匆忙推出替代性关税，但这些关税在法律和政治层面同样存在不确定性，而且印度尼西亚至今尚未批准这项协议。如此混乱的局面，不可能压倒印尼与中国之间建立在实实在在的投资和具体成果基础上的关系。特朗普政府更广泛的多边构想同样面临严重的信誉问题。今年2月，特朗普召集54个国家，试图保障关键矿产供应链。

六 | 其中最早将这一构想付诸实践的尝试之一，是在今年6月于法国举行的七国集团会议上展开的。但要真正对中国的生产能力构成挑战，任何计划都必须纳入需求端战略，并设定价格下限，从而保证即使面对中国的低价倾销，生产商仍能获得稳定收入。欧洲各国政府尤其对此高度怀疑：它们几乎不相信美国制定价格机制时会考虑自身利益之外的其他国家利益。

七 | 欧盟并没有忘记特朗普今年1月试图为了格陵兰的矿产资源而吞并该岛。过去一个月发生的一件事，恰好再次提醒人们特朗普的这种野心：格陵兰政府不得不警告一个与亲特朗普电视主持人“菲尔博士”（Dr Phil）有关联的矿业财团，不得在未经许可的情况下开始钻探石油。在更广泛的向矿业公司提供资金的过程中，数十亿美元被拨给了一些在这一领域往往缺乏业绩记录、却与特朗普政府内部人士存在经济联系的企业。分析称，与中国数十年来高度集中而坚定的政策相比，美国这套杂乱无章的行动显得相形见绌。2010年代初期，中国曾试图通过稀土管制向日本施压。如今，一条受到严格管控的供应链诞生了，生产被整合至两大主要集团——中国稀土集团和中国北方稀土。

八 | 相关企业受到严格的国家监管，包括限制有关技术向海外传播，同时走私行为也会面临非常严厉的刑事处罚。中国实施出口管制所造成的供应中断，仍然在发挥影响力。最近，铒的价格突然大幅上涨。铒是一种用途相对小众的稀土元素，此轮涨价源于市场担忧：今年11月出口管制“休战期”结束后，中国可能对铒实施限制。分析称，美国的人均经济实力仍远比中国雄厚。但在争夺和控制关键矿产这类经济“咽喉”方面，美国领导层的无能却常常使其落在后面。等到这段“休战期”结束时，美国恐怕仍未取得多少实质性进展，中国手中的贸易武器也不会比以前弱多少。

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Published on:11:50:19

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